វិធីសាស្រ្ដ៧ចំនុចដែលធ្វើអោយយើងមានទម្លាប់ល្អនិងប្រសិទ្ធភាពខ្ពស់
THE 7 HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE
PEOPLE
(Stephen
R.
Covey)
HABIT 1: BE PROACTIVE
Your life doesn't just "happen." Whether you know
it or not, it is carefully designed by you. The choices, after all, are yours.
You choose happiness. You choose sadness. You choose decisiveness. You choose
ambivalence. You choose success. You choose failure. You choose courage. You
choose fear. Just remember that every moment, every situation, provides a new
choice. And in doing so, it gives you a perfect opportunity to do things
differently to produce more positive results.
Habit 1: Be Proactive is about taking responsibility for your
life. You can't keep blaming everything on your parents or grandparents.
Proactive people recognize that they are "response-able." They don't
blame genetics, circumstances, conditions, or conditioning for their behavior.
They know they choose their behavior. Reactive people, on the other hand, are
often affected by their physical environment. They find external sources to
blame for their behavior. If the weather is good, they feel good. If it isn't,
it affects their attitude and performance, and they blame the weather. All of
these external forces act as stimuli that we respond to. Between the stimulus
and the response is your greatest power--you have the freedom to choose your
response. One of the most important things you choose is what you say. Your
language is a good indicator of how you see yourself. A proactive person uses
proactive language--I can, I will, I prefer, etc. A reactive person uses
reactive language--I can't, I have to, if only. Reactive people believe they are
not responsible for what they say and do--they have no choice.
Instead of reacting to or worrying about conditions over
which they have little or no control, proactive people focus their time and
energy on things they can control. The problems, challenges, and opportunities
we face fall into two areas--Circle of Concern and Circle of Influence.
Proactive people focus their efforts on their Circle of
Influence. They work on the things they can do something about: health,
children, problems at work. Reactive people focus their efforts in the Circle
of Concern--things over which they have little or no control: the national
debt, terrorism, the weather. Gaining an awareness of the areas in which we expand
our energies in is a giant step in becoming proactive.
ទម្លាប់ទី១៖
សកម្មមុន (Be Proactive)
ទម្លាប់នេះតម្រូវឱ្យយើងមានចិត្តស្ងប់
មិនឱ្យប្រតិកម្មរហ័សដោយគ្មានការគិតត្រឹមត្រូវច្បាស់ លាស់ចំពោះស្ថានភាពឬរឿងរាវណាមួយ
។ ត្រូវធ្វើជាមុនស្សចេះមានការត្រិះរិះពិចារណាត្រឹមត្រូវ គិតមុនគូរ ។ ធ្វើជាមនុស្សរឹងប៉ឹង
អំនត់ ជាមនុស្សមានទំនួលខុសត្រូវខ្ពស់ មិនស្ដីបន្ទោសអ្នកដទៃ បញ្ហា ពេលវាលា ធម្មជាតិ
ឬខ្លួនឯងទេ ត្រូវមានទំនួលខុសត្រូវ និង ត្រូវចេះរិះ រកដំណោះស្រាយនិងរៀបចំខ្លួនប្រកបដោយពិចារណញ្ញាណខ្ពស់
។ ឧទាហរណ៍ថា ថ្ងៃនេះមេឃភ្លៀងហើយដល់ម៉ោងទៅ រៀនទៀត បើជាមនុស្សគ្មាន ទំនួលខុសត្រូវប្រហែលដេកនៅផ្ទៈបាត់ហើយ
តែបើជាមនុស្សទំនួលខុសត្រូវវិញ គេនឹងសួរខ្លួនឯងថាត្រូវ ទៅរៀនដោយរបៀបណា គិតហើយដឹងថាទៅដោយ
របៀបណានោះ អាវភ្លៀង ឆ័ត្រជាដើម ។ ដូច្នេះមិនត្រូវបន្ទោសនេះបន្ទោសនោះ ទេ ត្រូវមានទំនួលខុសត្រូវលើខ្លួនឯង
។
HABIT 2: BEGIN WITH THE END IN MIND
So, what do you want to be when you grow up? That question
may appear a little trite, but think about it for a moment. Are you--right
now--who you want to be, what you dreamed you'd be, doing what you always
wanted to do? Be honest. Sometimes people find themselves achieving victories
that are empty--successes that have come at the expense of things that were far
more valuable to them. If your ladder is not leaning against the right wall,
every step you take gets you to the wrong place faster.
Habit 2 is based on imagination--the ability to envision in
your mind what you cannot at present see with your eyes. It is based on the
principle that all things are created twice. There is a mental (first)
creation, and a physical (second) creation. The physical creation follows the
mental, just as a building follows a blueprint. If you don't make a conscious
effort to visualize who you are and what you want in life, then you empower other
people and circumstances to shape you and your life by default. It's about
connecting again with your own uniqueness and then defining the personal,
moral, and ethical guidelines within which you can most happily express and
fulfill yourself. Begin with the End in Mind means to begin each day, task, or
project with a clear vision of your desired direction and destination, and then
continue by flexing your proactive muscles to make things happen.
One of the best ways to incorporate Habit 2 into your life is
to develop a Personal Mission Statement. It focuses on what you want to be and
do. It is your plan for success. It reaffirms who you are, puts your goals in
focus, and moves your ideas into the real world. Your mission statement makes
you the leader of your own life. You create your own destiny and secure the
future you envision.
ទម្លាប់ទី២៖
ចាប់ផ្ដើមពីចំណុចបញ្ជប់ក្នុងចិត្ត (Begin with the end in mind) ទំលាប់នេះតម្រូវឱ្យយើងចេះកំណត់និងរៀបចំគោលដៅសំរាប់ការសិក្សា
ការងារ គ្រួសារ ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ ជំនួញជាដើម ។ សួរខ្លួនឯងថា ចង់រៀនអ្វី ចង់ធ្វើអ្វីចង់រៀបការ
ពេលណា ចងរកចង់ស៊ីអ្វី ត្រូវឱ្យច្បាស់ ។ ការមានគោលដៅច្បាស់លាស់ជាអ្វីអ្នក ត្រូវគិតឡើងវិញ
។ ការចេះកំណត់និងរៀបចំគោលដៅមួយឲ្យបានច្បាស់លាស់ វា ហាក់បីដូចជាចង្កៀងមួយសម្រាប់បំភ្លឺផ្លូវដែល
ជាទីកន្លែងដែលយើង ចង់ឆ្ពោះទៅរក។
HABIT 3: PUT FIRST THINGS FIRST
To live a more balanced existence, you have to recognize that
not doing everything that comes along is okay. There's no need to overextend
yourself. All it takes is realizing that it's all right to say no when
necessary and then focus on your highest priorities.
Habit 1 says, "You're in charge. You're the
creator." Being proactive is about choice. Habit 2 is the first, or
mental, creation. Beginning with the End in Mind is about vision. Habit 3 is
the second creation, the physical creation. This habit is where Habits 1 and 2
come together. It happens day in and day out, moment-by-moment. It deals with
many of the questions addressed in the field of time management. But that's not
all it's about. Habit 3 is about life management as well--your purpose, values,
roles, and priorities. What are "first things?" First things are
those things you, personally, find of most worth. If you put first things
first, you are organizing and managing time and events according to the
personal priorities you established in Habit 2.
ទម្លាប់ទី៣៖
ដាក់អ្វីសំខាន់មុន (Put First things first)
បន្ទាប់ពីបាន
កំនត់គោលនិងរៀបចំគោលដៅរួចរាល់ ត្រូវចេះកំណត់ថាអ្វី ត្រូវធ្វើមុនបន្ទាប់ និង ចុងក្រោយគេបង្អស់
។ ត្រូវមានកាលវិភាគសកម្មភាពប្រចាំថ្ងៃ សប្ដាហ៍ ឬខែ ដើម្បីសម្រេចការងារទាំងនោះតាម លំដាប់លំដោយ
ដោយមិនមានសេសសល់ មួយណាឡើយ ។ ទាំងនេះវាបានគាំទ្រដល់ផែនការនិងគោលដៅសំរាប់ដំណើរ ជិវិត
របស់អ្នកឱ្យទោះកាន់ភាពជោគជ័យ ។ ប្រសិនបើយើងមិនបានដាក់អ្វីសំខាន់ មុន ឬធ្វើអ្វីទៅតាមការនឹកឃើញ
វាប្រហែលពិបាក សម្រេចលទ្ធិផលដែលខ្លួនចង់ បានណាស់ ត្រូវចំណាយពេលច្រើន មានឧបសគ្គច្រើនពិបាកដោះស្រាយ
ឬត្រូវបញ្ជប់ដំណើរក៏មាន ឬពេលខ្លៈមិនអាចសម្រេចលទ្ធិតែម្ដង ដែលគេនិយម និយាយថាទទួលបរាជ័យលើការងារទាំងនេះ។
HABIT 4: THINK WIN-WIN
Think Win-Win isn't about being nice, nor is it a quick-fix
technique. It is a character-based code for human interaction and
collaboration.
Most of us learn to base our self-worth on comparisons and
competition. We think about succeeding in terms of someone else failing--that
is, if I win, you lose; or if you win, I lose. Life becomes a zero-sum game.
There is only so much pie to go around, and if you get a big piece, there is
less for me; it's not fair, and I'm going to make sure you don't get anymore.
We all play the game, but how much fun is it really?
Win-win sees life as a cooperative arena, not a competitive
one. Win-win is a frame of mind and heart that constantly seeks mutual benefit
in all human interactions. Win-win means agreements or solutions are mutually
beneficial and satisfying. We both get to eat the pie, and it tastes pretty
darn good!
A person or organization that approaches conflicts with a
win-win attitude possesses three vital character traits:
1. Integrity:
sticking with your true feelings, values, and commitments
2. Maturity:
expressing your ideas and feelings with courage and consideration for the ideas
and feelings of others
3. Abundance
Mentality: believing there is plenty for everyone
Many people think in terms of either/or: either you're nice
or you're tough. Win-win requires that you be both. It is a balancing act
between courage and consideration. To go for win-win, you not only have to be
empathic, but you also have to be confident. You not only have to be
considerate and sensitive, you also have to be brave. To do that--to achieve
that balance between courage and consideration--is the essence of real maturity
and is fundamental to win-win.
ទម្លាប់ទី៤៖
គិត ឈ្នៈ ឈ្នៈ (Think Win/Win)
នៅក្នុងចំណុចនេះចង់ឱ្យយើងគិតពី
ដំណោះស្រាយណាឈ្នៈចំពោះ គ្រប់ភាគី ពាក់ព័ន្ធ មិនមានភាគីណាចាញ់ឬ មិនទទួលផលចំពោះដំណោះស្រាយនោះទេ
។ គ្រប់គ្រា ឈ្នៈបានដើរតួសំខាន់ រាល់ស្ថានភាព ដែលរក្សាបាននូវទំនាក់ទំនង មិត្តភាព សាមគ្គីភាព
សហការ ដៃគូរ និង ភាពរីកចម្រើនទាំងអស់គ្នា ។ បើមានអ្នកឈ្នៈ ឬ អ្នកចាញ់ក្នុង កាលៈទេសៈ
ណាមួយនោះ និងមិនមានសេចក្ដីសុខរីក ចម្រើននោះដែរ ។ ធ្វើអ្វីផ្អែកលើផល ប្រយោជន៍រួមទើបសង្គមមានការរីក
ចម្រើន ជាជាងគំនិតអាត្មានិយមដែលថ្ងៃ ក្រោយមានបញ្ហាច្រើនអាចកើតឡើង។
HABIT 5: SEEK FIRST TO UNDERSTAND, THEN TO BE UNDERSTOOD
Communication is the most important skill in life. You spend
years learning how to read and write, and years learning how to speak. But what
about listening? What training have you had that enables you to listen so you
really, deeply understand another human being? Probably none, right?
If you're like most people, you probably seek first to be
understood; you want to get your point across. And in doing so, you may ignore
the other person completely, pretend that you're listening, selectively hear
only certain parts of the conversation or attentively focus on only the words
being said, but miss the meaning entirely. So why does this happen? Because
most people listen with the intent to reply, not to understand. You listen to
yourself as you prepare in your mind what you are going to say, the questions
you are going to ask, etc. You filter everything you hear through your life
experiences, your frame of reference. You check what you hear against your
autobiography and see how it measures up. And consequently, you decide
prematurely what the other person means before he/she finishes communicating.
Do any of the following sound familiar?
"Oh, I know just how you feel. I felt the same
way." "I had that same thing happen to me." "Let me tell
you what I did in a similar situation."
Because you so often listen autobiographically, you tend to
respond in one of four ways:
Evaluating: You judge and then either agree or
disagree.
Probing: You ask questions from your
own frame of reference.
Advising: You give counsel, advice,
and solutions to problems.
Interpreting: You analyze others' motives and
behaviors based on your own experiences.
You might be saying, "Hey, now wait a minute. I'm just
trying to relate to the person by drawing on my own experiences. Is that so bad?"
In some situations, autobiographical responses may be appropriate, such as when
another person specifically asks for help from your point of view or when there
is already a very high level of trust in the relationship.
ទម្លាប់ទី៥៖ ស្វែងឱ្យយល់ មុនពេលយល់(Seek
First to Understand, Then to be understood) នៅត្រង់ចំណុចនេះបានបង្រៀនឱ្យយើងចេះស្វែងរកដើមហេតុ
ដើមទង មុនពេលសន្មត់ ឬយល់ឃើញអ្វីមួយ ។ មិនត្រូវធ្វើជាមនុស្សចង់យល់ ដោយអត់ ដឹងហេតុ ជាមនុស្សមិនចេះស្ដាប់ហេតុផល
ឃើញអ្វីថាហ្នឹងដោយមិន បានគិត ។ ទម្លាប់មួយនេះផ្ដោតច្រើនទៅលើទំនាក់ទំនង យើងត្រូវចេះអង្កេតហេតុ
អ្វីបានជាទៅយ៉ាងនេះ? ដើមទងយ៉ាងណាដែរ? ម្ដេចដល់ថ្នាក់ហ្នឹង? មិនត្រូវវាយ តម្លៃតែសំបក់ក្រៅ ឬចេះតែកាត់យល់ដោយមិនបានស្ដាប់ហេតុផលគេនោះទេ
។ ត្រូវរកឱ្យឃើញ សូមមុនឹងយល់ ទើបរាល់ការគិត ការសម្រេចចិត្ត ឬការយល់ ឃើញនានាមិនមានកំហុសឆ្គង
។
HABIT 6: SYNERGIZE
To put it simply, synergy means "two heads are better
than one." Synergize is the habit of creative cooperation. It is teamwork,
open-mindedness, and the adventure of finding new solutions to old problems.
But it doesn't just happen on its own. It's a process, and through that
process, people bring all their personal experience and expertise to the table.
Together, they can produce far better results that they could individually.
Synergy lets us discover jointly things we are much less likely to discover by
ourselves. It is the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
One plus one equals three, or six, or sixty--you name it.
When people begin to interact together genuinely, and they're
open to each other's influence, they begin to gain new insight. The capability
of inventing new approaches is increased exponentially because of differences.
Valuing differences is what really drives synergy. Do you
truly value the mental, emotional, and psychological differences among people?
Or do you wish everyone would just agree with you so you could all get along?
Many people mistake uniformity for unity; sameness for oneness. One
word--boring! Differences should be seen as strengths, not weaknesses. They add
zest to life.
ទម្លាប់ទី៦៖ ចេះធ្វើការងារជាក្រុម (Synergize) មិនមានមនុស្សអាចធ្វើការងារ មួយបានជោជ័យដោយគ្មានការចូលរួមពីអ្នកដទៃ
ឬធ្វើការងារជាក្រុមនោះទេ ក្រាន់តែមានរូបភាពតិច ឬក៏ច្រើនតែប៉ុន្នោះ ។ ដើម្បីឱ្យការងារមានដំណើរការល្អ
និងមានការរីកចម្រើន ទាមទារចេះធ្វើការងារជាក្រុម ទើបលទ្ធិផលនោះមាន លក្ខណៈគ្រប់ជ្រុងជ្រោយ
។ ឧទាហរណ៍ឱ្យងាយយល់ សៀវភៅដែលល្អមិន មែន សរសេរដោយគំនិតតែម្នាក់នោះទេ ត្រូវការគំនិតគេបន្ថែម
។ កិច្ចការងាជាក្រុម បានល្អត្រូវមានការចូលរួម ពីសមាជិកក្រុម ទាំងអស់ ។ ការងារប្រទេសជាតិ
ក្រុម ហ៊ុន គ្រួសារ និង ការងារសង្គមជាដើម ត្រូវចេះធ្វើការងារជាក្រុមទើបមានការរីក
ចម្រើន ទាំងអស់គ្នា ។
HABIT 7: SHARPEN THE SAW
Sharpen the Saw means preserving and enhancing the greatest
asset you have--you. It means having a balanced program for self-renewal in the
four areas of your life: physical, social/emotional, mental, and spiritual.
Here are some examples of activities:
Physical: Beneficial
eating, exercising, and resting
Social/Emotional: Making social and
meaningful connections with others
Mental: Learning,
reading, writing, and teaching
Spiritual: Spending
time in nature, expanding spiritual self through meditation, music, art,
prayer, or service
As you renew yourself in each of the four areas, you create
growth and change in your life. Sharpen the Saw keeps you fresh so you can
continue to practice the other six habits. You increase your capacity to
produce and handle the challenges around you. Without this renewal, the body
becomes weak, the mind mechanical, the emotions raw, the spirit insensitive,
and the person selfish. Not a pretty picture, is it?
Feeling good doesn't just happen. Living a life in balance
means taking the necessary time to renew yourself. It's all up to you. You can
renew yourself through relaxation. Or you can totally burn yourself out by
overdoing everything. You can pamper yourself mentally and spiritually. Or you
can go through life oblivious to your well-being. You can experience vibrant
energy. Or you can procrastinate and miss out on the benefits of good health
and exercise. You can revitalize yourself and face a new day in peace and
harmony. Or you can wake up in the morning full of apathy because your
get-up-and-go has got-up-and-gone. Just remember that every day provides a new
opportunity for renewal--a new opportunity to recharge yourself instead of
hitting the wall. All it takes is the desire, knowledge, and skill.
ទម្លាប់ទី៧៖ សម្លៀងរណារ (Sharpen
the Saw) ទាក់ទងត្រងចំណុចនេះ យើងត្រូវពិនិត្យឡើងវិញនូវ
សុខភាពផ្លូវកាយ សុខភាព ផ្លូវចិត្ត ស្មារតី និងទំនាក់ ទំនងក្នុងសង្គម ។ ទោះបីជាយើងដើរដល់ណាក៏ដោយបើ
សុខភាពផ្លូវកាយ សុខភាពផ្លូវចិត្ត ស្មារតី និងទំនាក់ទំនងក្នុងសង្គម មិនមាន ឬភ្លេចគិតពីវាយើងពុំ
មែនជាមនុស្សជោគជ័យដែរ ។ ដូច្នេះត្រូវចេះយកចិត្តទុកដាក់លើវា និងគិតគូរវា ឡើងវិញ ព្រោះថាពេលយើងឈឺអ្វីៗយើងបានខំប្រឹងប្រែងទាំងប៉ុន្មាន
ត្រូវរលាយ គ្មានសល់ ឬមិនបានឃើញស្នាដៃទាំងនោះទៀតទេ ។
ចូលចងចាំថា
ទម្លាប់ទី១ដល់ទី៦បន្តទៅមុខបាន អាស្រ័យលើទម្លាប់ទី៧ បើគ្នានទី៧ និងគ្នានទី១ដល់ទី៦៕
